Dr. Ayuba Mugana, an endocrinologist and diabetes care expert, has strongly advised individuals living with diabetes to refrain from walking barefoot under any circumstances. His warning comes amid rising concerns over the prevalence of foot injuries among diabetic patients, which often lead to severe complications such as infections and, ultimately, amputations.

Speaking during a health awareness interview held on Wednesday in Bauchi, Dr. Mugana stressed that diabetic foot complications remain one of the leading causes of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations, second only to injuries resulting from road traffic accidents in Nigeria.

“Diabetic patients must treat foot care as a priority. Walking barefoot increases the risk of stepping on sharp objects that may cause wounds. Due to the reduced sensitivity in their feet, many people with diabetes do not even notice when they get injured,” he explained.

Understanding the Risk: How Diabetes Affects Foot Health

Diabetes mellitus, particularly when poorly managed, can damage both the nerves and blood vessels over time. This condition, known as diabetic neuropathy, leads to loss of sensation, particularly in the extremities. Consequently, many patients with diabetes are unable to feel pain or notice small cuts, blisters, or puncture wounds on their feet.

When these minor injuries go untreated, they often develop into chronic ulcers or infections, which become increasingly difficult to manage and may eventually require surgical amputation to prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body.

“In Nigeria, we’re seeing a steady increase in diabetic foot complications, largely due to poor awareness and late presentation at hospitals. Many patients only come in when the infection has progressed to a severe stage,” Dr. Mugana added.

Daily Foot Checks Can Save Lives

The endocrinologist strongly encouraged diabetic individuals to perform daily foot inspections. He noted that simple habits, such as checking the soles, heels, and spaces between the toes, can help detect early signs of injury or infection.

“If you experience any unusual pain, swelling, change in skin color, or foul-smelling discharge, consult your physician immediately. Early intervention is key in avoiding long-term complications,” Dr. Mugana emphasized.

Ditch Tight Shoes and Socks: Choose Comfort Over Fashion

Dr. Mugana also warned diabetic patients against the use of tight footwear and socks. He explained that restricted circulation caused by overly snug shoes can further aggravate foot health, particularly for individuals already suffering from poor blood flow due to diabetes.

“Wearing tight shoes may cause blisters, corns, or calluses. These minor injuries can become infected if not treated promptly. The key is to wear well-fitting shoes that allow for good airflow and accommodate any foot deformities or swelling,” he advised.

He recommended that patients shop for shoes in the evening when feet are naturally more swollen, ensuring a better fit. Additionally, shoes made from soft, breathable materials are preferable to reduce heat and moisture build-up.

Avoid Razor Blades: Trim Toenails with Care

Another practical tip Dr. Mugana provided involves safe toenail trimming practices. He cautioned against using razor blades, which pose a high risk of cutting the skin and causing infections.

Instead, he advised diabetic patients to use nail clippers with rounded tips and to file the nails afterward to avoid sharp edges. For patients who struggle with mobility or eyesight, he recommended seeking assistance from trained caregivers or podiatrists.

“Never cut into the corners of the nails or trim too closely. This can lead to ingrown toenails, which can easily become infected,” he added.

Don’t Ignore Injuries, No Matter How Small

Dr. Mugana emphasized the importance of seeking immediate medical attention for any foot injury, no matter how minor it may appear. Due to impaired wound healing in diabetic individuals, even small abrasions can develop into non-healing ulcers.

“In many cases, patients think it’s just a small sore, and they apply over-the-counter creams or herbal mixtures without proper medical consultation. Unfortunately, by the time they come to the hospital, the infection may have spread to the bone,” he noted.

He further urged patients to resist the temptation of using traditional treatments or home remedies without proper diagnosis. “Only licensed healthcare professionals should treat diabetic foot injuries. Improper care can worsen the problem,” he warned.

Lifestyle Changes to Support Foot Health in Diabetes

In addition to foot care practices, Dr. Mugana highlighted broader lifestyle changes that can prevent foot complications in diabetic patients. These include:

• Regular blood sugar monitoring: Keeping blood glucose levels within the target range reduces the risk of nerve and blood vessel damage.

• Healthy eating habits: A balanced diet low in sugar, saturated fats, and processed foods supports overall health.

• Regular physical activity: Exercise improves circulation and helps with weight control, which is crucial for managing diabetes.

• Avoiding smoking: Tobacco use narrows blood vessels and impairs healing, significantly increasing the risk of complications.

• Routine medical check-ups: Annual foot screenings by a healthcare provider are essential for early detection and intervention.

National Perspective: Rising Diabetes Cases and the Need for Public Awareness

Diabetes remains a growing public health concern in Nigeria, with current estimates indicating over 4 million people living with the condition—and many more likely undiagnosed. According to health professionals, diabetic foot ulcers affect up to 15% of all diabetic patients during their lifetime.

Health experts have repeatedly called for increased public education campaigns, especially in rural areas, where knowledge of diabetes management remains limited. In many communities, myths and misconceptions about diabetes hinder timely medical intervention.

“There’s a cultural tendency to ignore foot problems until they become too serious. Education must be a key component of our national diabetes management strategy,” Dr. Mugana asserted.

Final Word: Prevention is Better Than Amputation

Dr. Ayuba Mugana concluded his message by reiterating that foot care is not optional but a vital component of diabetes management. He urged patients to be proactive, consistent, and vigilant in protecting their feet from harm.

“Walking barefoot may seem harmless, but for a diabetic patient, it can lead to a cascade of health problems. Prevention is always better than amputation,” he said.

He encouraged caregivers and families to support diabetic individuals in maintaining foot hygiene, recognizing symptoms early, and adhering to regular check-ups. He also called on healthcare providers to continue spreading awareness and offer practical education on diabetic foot care in all clinical settings.